![]() In 1870, South Carolina directly elected Joseph Rainey, another African American, to the U.S. The votes of formerly enslaved men helped give the Republican Party control of the Mississippi state legislature, which made Hiram Rhodes Revels the first African American in the United States Senate. ![]() ![]() However, when they tried to exercise their new rights, they encountered intimidation and violence, much of it organized by the Klan. The 14 th and 15 th Amendments to the Constitution, as well as federal laws introduced during the years of Reconstruction (1866–1877), were intended to protect the civil rights of freed people. The end of the Civil War brought freedom to enslaved African Americans in the former Confederacy. Under the cloak of darkness and in disguise, the KKK worked to enforce white supremacy as the political and social order of the South. ![]() The Klan, a secret organization that used terror tactics to target newly freed African Americans, attracted defeated Confederates who resented the changes of Reconstruction. Late in 1865, just after the United States Civil War ended, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was founded. ![]()
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